7 Hom Yas Uas Koj Yuav Tsum Paub (Tshooj 3)

Hnub no peb yuav hais ntxiv txog 2 ntawm 7 yam plastics, yog PP thiab PS.

PP

PP yog cov ntawv luv rau polypropylene, ib hom thermoplastic polymer ua los ntawm cov saw-kev loj hlob polymerization los ntawm monomer propylene. Nws yog ib hom ntawm cov ciab-zoo li, lub teeb, thiab tawv yas cov khoom siv nrog lub pob tshab. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom tso tawm los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Lag Luam, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm PP yog kwv yees los ntawm, nyob rau nruab nrab, 4.9% ib xyoos txog xyoo 2026.

PP tau tsim ua ntej los ntawm tus kws Italian chemist Giulio Natta hauv xyoo 1954. Nws ua cov polymer propylene rau hauv polypropylene thiab muab tso rau pem hauv ntej txoj kev xav ntawm stereospecific polymerization, uas nyiam ntau cov pej xeem mloog. Los ntawm 1957, nws cov koob meej tau tawg thiab cov lag luam kev lag luam loj tau pib thoob teb chaws Europe (ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim lag luam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog lub tuam txhab Italian Montecatini). Tam sim no, raws li tus nqi ntawm PP yog heev tsawg, nws yog qhov thib ob-feem ntau cov khoom lag luam yas muaj hnub no (tsuas yog tom qab polyethylene).

Tshaj tawm nrog ntau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, PP muaj ntau daim ntawv thov suav nrog kev ntim khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom, yas qhov chaw rau ntau yam kev lag luam suav nrog kev lag luam tsheb, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb zoo li nyob khawm thiab textiles.

Qhov zoo

· Kev nruj. Toughness yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv kom nqus tau lub zog thiab tiv taus kev poob siab txog qhov kev tawg. Thiab lub tswvyim sib txawv me ntsis thaum txog PP. Qhov ntom ntawm PP yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.895 thiab 0.92 g / cm³, qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov yas, uas tso cai rau nws muaj kev tiv thaiv yas kev tiv thaiv thaum ntxov hauv txoj kev deformation tsis muaj kev tawg.

Rwb thaiv tsev. PP muaj lub siab yaj ntawm 189 ℃ thiab lub zog dielectric zoo nkauj. Dielectric cov khoom xws li dielectric tas li. Qhov qis qis dielectric tas li, lub zog tsawg dua yog nqus los ntawm hluav taws xob teb. Thiab lub dielectric tas li ntawm PP yog 2.1, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kab hluav taws xob zoo.

· Tshuaj lom neeg tsis kam. Hauv chav tsev kub, PP tiv taus cov rog, acid, alkali, thiab yuav luag txhua cov organic solvents, ua rau nws ua cov khoom zoo rau kev ntim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tu, thawj cov pabcuam thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg zuj zus nrog qhov kub nce ntxiv.

PS

Polystyrene, feem ntau sau ua ntawv PS, yog cov hluavtaws muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon polymer ua los ntawm cov monomer lub npe hu ua styrene, tsis muaj xim, nplaim taws uas yog ua lag luam los ntawm roj av. PS belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm thermoplastic zoo li, thiab cob qhia cov cim npe ntawm PS yog tus lej "6".

Keeb kwm ntawm PS

· Xyoo 1839, tus kws kho mob German Eduard Simon nrhiav pom PS kev sib tsoo. Nws tau rho tawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntuj thiab muab nws npe hu ua styrol.

Was Nws tsis yog txog thaum yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd tus German organic kws kho mob Hermann Staudinger tau hloov npe rau cov tshuaj polystyrene no, cov tshuaj yas ua los ntawm cov saw ntev ntawm styrene lwg me me.

· Hauv xyoo 1930, PS tau pib tsim kev lag luam los ntawm BASF, yog cov tshuaj loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.

· Hauv xyoo 1934, PS pib tsim los ntawm Dow hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas. Thiab xyoo 1954, lub tuam txhab no tau pib tsim cov styrofoam, ib hom kev nthuav dav polystyrene.

Cov ntawv thov

· Ntim. Iav hloov lub ntsuas kub tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qhov hloov qhov kub los ntawm qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv los ntawm cov iav rau hauv lub xeev rubbery. Lub khob rau kev hloov pauv kub ntawm PS yog 100 ℃, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem yog cov khoom haum rau cov thawv ntim ntawm lub rhaub dej.

Khoom siv hauv tsev. Raws li PS yog qhov pheej yig ua rau cov khoom hnyav, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv (ruaj khov nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov xwm txheej), nws yog feem ntau siv los ua cov rooj tog hauv tsev xws li rab, lub tshuab nqus tsev, ncu, tshuab cua txias lossis tub yees.

· Ntim. PS tau dav siv los tiv thaiv khoom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj lossis puas. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub - CD thiab DVD, ua npuas ncauj ntim rau kev xa khoom, thiab nqaij, nqaij qaib tais, thiab qe qe yog qhov tseem ceeb rau PS.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. PS thov rau cov vaj tsev thiab lwm qhov chaw rau TV, khoos phis tawj, thiab txhua hom khoom siv IT, qhov twg ua ke ntawm daim ntawv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab lub ntsej muag yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Dhau li, PS tseem muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv ntau lwm qhov chaw suav nrog kev tsim kho tsheb, kev pabcuam zaub mov, rwb thaiv tsev, kev kho mob raws li lub tsev thiab kev tsim kho.

Ib puag ncig teeb meem

Vim tias nws qhov loj me thiab qhov qis tus nqi, nws yog qhov nyuaj thiab tsis muaj qab hau rau kev rov ua dua PS.

Kev nkim PS siv sijhawm ntau pua xyoo los ua haujlwm ubno thiab nce kev xav tau ntawm av khib nyiab. Dab tsi ntxiv, PS tuaj yeem ntab hauv dej lossis ntws hauv cua vim nws lub zog nqus qis, uas tsis yog tsuas yog tsis ntxim nyiam thiab tsis zoo nkauj tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov noog lossis tsiaj txhu tsiaj. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb tau nqa los ntawm California Coastal Commission, PS tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab yam khoom uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab ke marine hauv hiav txwv.