3D Printing: Ib qho ntawm Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij ntawm 21st Century

Thaum koj xub hnov ​​​​cov lus "3D Printing", koj puas xav txog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab science ntawv tseeb? Txawm li cas los xij, ntseeg nws los tsis, 3D Printing tau nyob ib ncig ntawm yuav luag 40 xyoo.

Peb-dimensional (3D) luam ntawv yog txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv uas tsim cov khoom siv lub cev los ntawm kev tsim digital. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tso cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov kua lossis hmoov yas, hlau lossis cement, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ua ke.

Nov yog 3D Printing ncua sij hawm nrawm txij li xyoo 1940s txog rau hnub no.

1940s: Lub tswv yim

Qhov tseeb, 3D Printing tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txij li xyoo 1945 - Murray Leinster tau piav qhia lub ntsiab lus hauv nws zaj dab neeg luv luv xyoo 1945 Things Pass By, "Tab sis tus tsim qauv no yog ob qho tib si zoo thiab hloov tau. Kuv noj cov khoom siv hlau nplaum - cov khoom uas lawv ua tsev thiab cov nkoj niaj hnub no - rau hauv caj npab txav no. Nws ua rau cov duab kos hauv huab cua tom qab kos duab nws scans nrog cov duab-hlwb. Tab sis cov yas tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim duab kos thiab tawv thaum nws los ... tom qab kos duab nkaus xwb. "

Xyoo 1980s: Yug

Thawj cov ntaub ntawv iterations ntawm 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau thaum ntxov 1980s hauv Nyiv. Xyoo 1981, Dr. Hideo Kodama ntawm Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute tau tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus hais txog "kev tsim qauv nrawm" txheej txheem. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog thawj daim ntawv sau los piav txog txheej txheej los ntawm txheej txheej thiaj li nkag siab zoo rau 3D Printing. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb koom nrog kev luam ntawv photopolymers siv ib txoj hauv kev ua ntej stereolithography, thiab kuj tau hais txog cov hlais hlais ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas nteg rau saum ib leeg los tsim cov khoom 3D. Txawm li cas los xij, Dr. Kodama tsis ua tiav daim ntawv thov patent ua ntej nws hnub kawg thiab tsis tau txais daim ntawv patent.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ib tug trio ntawm Fabkis engineers Alain Le Méhauté, Olivier de Witte, thiab Jean Claude Andréwas tab tom nrhiav los tsim lub tshuab prototyping sai. Es tsis txhob resin, lawv nrhiav los tsim ib qho system uas kho cov kua monomers rau hauv cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev siv lub laser. Lawv tau ua daim ntawv patent rau cov txheej txheem stereolithography, tab sis tau tso tseg vim tsis muaj kev xav txog kev lag luam.

Nws yog Chuck Hull uas tau tsim thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D. Nws xa thawj patent rau stereolithography (SLA) nyob rau hauv 1986, nrhiav tau lub 3D Systems Corporation, thiab nyob rau hauv 1988, tso tawm SLA-1, lawv thawj coj mus muag khoom. Lub tshuab no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom nyuaj, txheej los ntawm txheej, nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm nws yuav nquag siv. Hull tau mus ua ntaub ntawv ntau dua 60 patents nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thev naus laus zis, dhau los ua tus txiv plig ntawm kev hloov pauv sai sai thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv STL uas tseem siv niaj hnub no.

SLA tsis yog tib txoj kev tsim khoom ntxiv uas tau tshawb nrhiav thaum lub sijhawm no. Xyoo 1988, ntawm University of Texas, Carl Deckard tau coj daim ntawv pov thawj rau SLS thev naus laus zis, lwm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D uas cov hmoov nplej tau sib xyaw ua ke hauv zos los ntawm lub laser. Lub sijhawm no, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) kuj tau patented los ntawm Scott Crump. Txoj kev koom nrog melting ib tug polymer filament thiab tso nws mus rau ib tug substrate, txheej los ntawm txheej, los tsim ib tug 3D khoom.

Xyoo 1990-2000s: Kev Loj Hlob

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, ntau lub tuam txhab thiab cov lag luam pib pib thiab sim nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuab tau txawv ntawm cov uas peb siv tam sim no. Lawv nyuaj rau siv, kim, thiab ntau qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsum tau ua ntau tom qab ua tiav.

Nyob rau xyoo 2004, Dr. Adrian Bowyer, tus kws qhia ntawv laus hauv kev siv tshuab engineering ntawm University of Bath hauv UK, tau tsim txoj haujlwm RepRap. Nws yog qhov qhib qhov project uas tsom los tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D uas tuaj yeem luam tawm feem ntau ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub tswv yim tom qab nws yog kev ywj pheej 3D luam ntawv los ntawm kev ua cov thev naus laus zis rau cov neeg thoob ntiaj teb.

2009 yog lub xyoo uas FDM patents poob rau hauv pej xeem sau, qhib txoj kev mus rau ib tug dav nthwv dej ntawm innovation nyob rau hauv FDM 3D tshuab luam ntawv, ib tug poob ntawm lub desktop 3D printers nqi, thiab yog li ntawd, vim hais tias cov cuab yeej siv tau ntau dua, nce. pom kev.

3D Printing Tam sim no: Prime

Niaj hnub no, cov nqi ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv pib poob qis, ua rau lawv muaj rau cov pej xeem. Nrog rau tus nqi qis, qhov zoo thiab yooj yim ntawm kev luam ntawv kuj nce.

3D Printing yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Southampton tau ya lub ntiaj teb thawj 3D-luam tsis muaj neeg siv dav hlau; cov neeg tsim lub tsheb 3D-luam tawm mus txog 200 mpg nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hybrid; thiab kev pib ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov vaj tsev nyob hauv ecological tau los nrog cov neeg hlau tsim chaw tsim nyog rau kev nyob hauv Mars.

Kev tawg hauv 3D Printing tau tshwm sim sai dua li yav dhau los. Nws cuam tshuam loj heev thiab muaj peev xwm loj yog hloov peb lub neej.